Self-Concept, including the individual's perception of the nature of ability, interaction with others and the environment, values and experiences related to the object, purpose and desire (Stuart and Sundeen in Keliat, 1992).
Self-esteem is a respectable value or respect of a person against themselves. It becomes a valuable measure that they have something in the form of ability and should be considered (Townsend, 2005).
Low self esteem is a self-resisted as something precious and can not be responsible for his own life (Yoedhas, 2010).
Low self esteem is a self-evaluation and sense of self or self-capabilities that can negatively directly or indirectly expressed (Townsend, 1998).
Chronic low self esteem is a maladaptive state of self-concept, in which sense of self or negative self-evaluation and maintained for a long time. Included in this low self esteem and a negative self-evaluation associated with feelings of weakness, not helped, there is no hope, fear, feeling sad, sensitive, not perfect, guilt and inadequate. Chronic low self-esteem is also a major component of depression as indicated by the behavior of the prisoner and have no taste (Stuart & Laraia, 2005).
Several studies have shown that depression is caused by low self-esteem, one of which has the result of 15,600 students in American schools, the level of 6 to 10 show the resulting low self esteem due to frequent intimidation / bullying resulting in undue risk of depression in adulthood (Kendree, 2001 ).
Other causes of low self-esteem issues are also expected as a result of past unpleasant, such as drug involved. Based on the results of the overview stated that drug addicts usually have a negative self-concept and low self-esteem. Stunted emotional development, characterized by an inability to express emotions appropriately, anxious, passive aggressive and tend to be depressed. (Shives, 1998).
Nursing therapy that can be given to the client itself can be in the form of cognitive therapy. This therapy aims to change negative thoughts experienced by clients with chronic low self esteem towards positive thinking. In family therapy may be necessary terapy triangle that aims to help families in expressing feelings about the problems faced by members of the family so that the family is expected to maintain a situation that supports the function returns the client's life. At the community also needs to be done psychoeducation therapy that aims to improve public knowledge about the chronic problem of low self esteem, which is one part of the problem of mental illness in the community.
Implementation Process
1. Preparation
- Selecting the client in accordance with the indications, ie clients with impaired self-concept: low self esteem.
- Making a contract with the client.
- Preparing tools and meeting place.
2. Orientation
- Therapeutic Greetings: Greetings and therapist on the client, introduce the name and call the therapist (wearing nameplate), ask for the name and call all clients (give the nameplate).
- Evaluation / Validation: Asking the client's current feelings.
- Contract: The therapist explained the objectives of the activity are conversing about positive self, therapist explains the following rule: If there is clients who want to leave the group, must request permission from the therapist, activity 45 minutes long, each client following the activities from start to finish.
3. Stage of work
- Therapists introduced himself: full name and nickname and wear the nameplate.
- Therapists distribute paper and markers on the client.
- Therapists asks each client to write an unpleasant experience.
- Therapists praise for the role of the client.
- Therapists share the second paper.
- Therapists asks each client to write positive things about self-own: the capabilities, the usual activities at home and in hospital.
- Therapists asks the client read the positive things that have been written in turns until all the clients get to take turns.
- Therapists gave compliments to each role and the client.
4. Termination stage
- Evaluation: The therapist asks the client's feelings after attending the Therapeutic Activity Group. The therapist gave praise to the group.
- Follow-up: The therapist asks the client to write another positive thing that has not been written.
- The contract will come: Agree Therapeutic Activity Group that will come is to train yourself positive things that can be applied in the hospital and at home. Agreed on time and place.
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